nginx 天生是不支持 cgi 的,所以 nginx 也就没有了 cgi 方面的漏洞,提高了安全性。即 nginx 不能直接执行外部可执行程序。nginx 虽然不支持 cgi,但它支持 fastCGI。所以,我们可以考虑安装 perl fcgi 来支持 cgi。
安装 perl fcgi
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@localhost /usr/local]# wget http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/FCGI/FCGI-0.67.tar.gz [root@localhost /usr/local]# tar -xzxf FCGI-0.67.tar.gz [root@localhost /usr/local]# cd FCGI-0.67 [root@localhost /usr/local/FCGI-0.67]# cd FCGI-0.67 [root@localhost /usr/local/FCGI-0.67]# perl Makefile.PL [root@localhost /usr/local/FCGI-0.67]# make && make install
安装 FCGI-ProcManager
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@localhost /usr/local]# wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/B/BO/BOBTFISH/FCGI-ProcManager-0.24.tar.gz [root@localhost /usr/local]# tar -xzxf FCGI-ProcManager-0.24.tar.gz [root@localhost /usr/local]# cd FCGI-ProcManager-0.24 [root@localhost /usr/local/FCGI-ProcManager-0.24]# cd FCGI-0.67 [root@localhost /usr/local/FCGI-ProcManager-0.24]# perl Makefile.PL [root@localhost /usr/local/FCGI-ProcManager-0.24]# make && make install
准备工作做完了,下面就可以开始让 nginx 支持 cgi 之旅了。
1. 用 perl 写一个 daemon 程序来处理 cgi 文件
下面这段用 perl 写的 daemon 程序,我们命名为 cgiwrap-fcgi.pl,放入 /usr/local/bin 下。注意,这段 perl 代码的第 36 和 37 行,这两行都表示监听来自 perl CGI 的请求。其中:
127.0.0.1:8999 表示使用 TCP/IP 协议响应请求
/var/run/nginx/cgiwrap-dispatch.sock 表示使用 unix socket 响应 CGI 请求
我们的示例中,将采用 unix socket 的方式来响应 CGI 请求。
#!/usr/bin/perl -w use FCGI; use Socket; use FCGI::ProcManager; sub shutdown { FCGI::CloseSocket($socket); exit; } sub restart { FCGI::CloseSocket($socket); &main; } use sigtrap 'handler', \&shutdown, 'normal-signals'; use sigtrap 'handler', \&restart, 'HUP'; require 'syscall.ph'; use POSIX qw(setsid); #&daemonize; we don't daemonize when running under runsv #this keeps the program alive or something after exec'ing perl scripts END() { } BEGIN() { } { no warnings; *CORE::GLOBAL::exit = sub { die "fakeexit\nrc=" . shift() . "\n"; }; }; q{exit}; if ($@) { exit unless $@ =~ /^fakeexit/; } &main; sub daemonize() { chdir '/' or die "Can't chdir to /: $!"; defined( my $pid = fork ) or die "Can't fork: $!"; exit if $pid; setsid() or die "Can't start a new session: $!"; umask 0; } sub main { #$socket = FCGI::OpenSocket( "127.0.0.1:8999", 10 ); #use IP sockets #$socket = FCGI::OpenSocket( "/var/run/nginx/cgiwrap-dispatch.sock", 10 ); #use UNIX sockets - user running this script must have w access to the 'nginx' folder!! #foreach $item (keys %ENV) { delete $ENV{$item}; } $proc_manager = FCGI::ProcManager->new( {n_processes => 5} ); $socket = FCGI::OpenSocket( "/var/run/nginx/cgiwrap-dispatch.sock", 10 ); #use UNIX sockets - user running this script must have w access to the 'nginx' folder!! $request = FCGI::Request( \*STDIN, \*STDOUT, \*STDERR, \%req_params, $socket, &FCGI::FAIL_ACCEPT_ON_INTR ); $proc_manager->pm_manage(); if ($request) { request_loop() } FCGI::CloseSocket($socket); } sub request_loop { while ( $request->Accept() >= 0 ) { $proc_manager->pm_pre_dispatch(); "cgiwrap-fcgi.pl" [dos] 164L, 6275C print STDERR $errbytes; } if ($!) { $err = $!; die $!; vec( $rin, fileno(PARENT_ERR), 1 ) = 0 unless ( $err == EINTR or $err == EAGAIN ); } } if ($r2) { while ( $bytes = read( CHILD_O, $s, 4096 ) ) { print $s; } if ( !defined($bytes) ) { $err = $!; die $!; vec( $rin, fileno(CHILD_O), 1 ) = 0 unless ( $err == EINTR or $err == EAGAIN ); } } last if ( $e1 || $e2 ); } close CHILD_RD; close PARENT_ERR; waitpid( $pid, 0 ); } else { foreach $key ( keys %req_params ) { $ENV{$key} = $req_params{$key}; } # cd to the script's local directory if ( $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} =~ /^(.*)\/[^\/]+$/ ) { chdir $1; } close(PARENT_WR); #close(PARENT_ERR); close(STDIN); close(STDERR); #fcntl(CHILD_RD, F_DUPFD, 0); syscall( &SYS_dup2, fileno(CHILD_RD), 0 ); syscall( &SYS_dup2, fileno(CHILD_ERR), 2 ); #open(STDIN, "<&CHILD_RD"); exec( $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} ); die("exec failed"); } } else { print("Content-type: text/plain\r\n\r\n"); print "Error: No such CGI app - $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} may not exist or is not executable by this process.\n"; } } }
2. 有关 /var/run/nginx/cgiwrap-dispatch.sock
cgiwrap-dispatch.sock 文件是用来响应 CGI 请求的。实际上,文件名是随意的,甚至都可以不在 /var/run/ngin 下。即用来处理 CGI 请求的文件是完全随意的。当然,我们还是以 /var/run/nginx/cgiwrap-dispatch.sock[ 为例来讲解。
在我们的机器中,并不存在 /var/run/nginx 这样的目录,我们可以通过 mkdir 命令来建立这样层次结构的目录。至于 /cgiwrap-dispatch.sock 这个文件,通过 touch /cgiwrap-dispatch.sock 创建一个空的文件即可。
请确保在 nginx.cong 中声明的 user 的用户和组具备以下权限:
对 /var/run/nginx 具有 W 权限
对 cgiwrap-dispatch.sock 具有 W 权限
3. 在后台运行 cgiwrap-fcgi.pl
# 这种方式运行 cgiwrap-fcgi.pl 会输出日志 [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/bin/cgiwrap-fcgi.pl Useless use of a constant in void context at ./cgiwrap-fcgi.pl line 20. FastCGI: manager (pid 2452): initialized FastCGI: server (pid 2453): initialized FastCGI: manager (pid 2452): server (pid 2453) started FastCGI: manager (pid 2452): server (pid 2454) started FastCGI: server (pid 2454): initialized FastCGI: server (pid 2455): initialized FastCGI: manager (pid 2452): server (pid 2455) started FastCGI: server (pid 2456): initialized FastCGI: manager (pid 2452): server (pid 2456) started FastCGI: server (pid 2457): initialized FastCGI: manager (pid 2452): server (pid 2457) started FastCGI: manager (pid 2452): server (pid 2453) exited with status 2304 FastCGI: server (pid 5456): initialized FastCGI: manager (pid 2452): server (pid 5456) started FastCGI: manager (pid 2452): server (pid 2454) exited with status 2304 FastCGI: manager (pid 2452): server (pid 9471) started FastCGI: server (pid 9471): initialized
这种方式运行 cgiwrap-fcgi.pl,会在控制台输出日志,这样我们确认该脚本已正常运行着的。后续若不想输出日志,可以这样来运行 cgiwrap-fcgi.pl:
# 这种方式运行 cgiwrap-fcgi.pl 不会输出日志 [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/bin/cgiwrap-fcgi.pl > /dev/null 2>&1 & # 这种方式运行 cgiwrap-fcgi.pl 能够使得该脚本随系统启动而启动 # 编辑 /etc/rc.local 文件,最后一行添加: /usr/local/bin/cgiwrap-fcgi.pl > /dev/null 2>&1 &
4. 在 web 的根目录建立 test.cgi 来测试
设 web 的跟目录为 /home/git,建立 test.cgi 文件,确保在 nginx.cong 中声明的 user 的用户和组具备对 test.cgi 的可执行权限。
[root@localhost ~]# vi /home/git/test.cgi #!/usr/bin/perl print "Content-type: text/html\n\n"; print "Hello, world.";
5. 在 nginx.conf 中做如下配置
location ~ .*\.cgi$ { fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/nginx/cgiwrap-dispatch.sock; fastcgi_index index.cgi; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; }
你若觉得这段配置太长了,你可以将 fastcgi_param 这段配置独立成一个文件,如 fastcgi_params.conf,然后通过 include 指令将其包含进来。
到此为止,已经做到让 nginx 支持 cgi 了。你可以通过访问 http://localhost/test.cgi 来测试你的配置是否成功。
nginx-cgi